COVID-19 restrictions and consumers’ psychological reactance toward offline shopping freedom restoration

Internet Shopping: Perceptions of Offline and Online Consumers

Covid-19 and its Psychological Consequences

In December 2019, a new type of coronavirus was identified in Wuhan, China, and spread rapidly throughout China. The spread of Covid-19 was unique due to its rapid transmission, which created an emergency situation in global health in less than a few months around the world. It not only causes general health concerns, but also causes a number of psychological illnesses, including anxiety, fear,...

A Multi-attribute Analysis of Preferences for Online and Offline Shopping: Differences across Products, Consumers, and Shopping Stages

In order to develop the optimal mix of online and offline services for a particular product, marketers must determine which key attributes are perceived by their target market to be delivered better online or offline. A multipart survey was administered to assess how product attribute evaluations drive differences in online/offline shopping preferences between products, between consumers, and b...

Understanding Psychological Reactance

Since Brehm first proposed reactance theory in 1966, many studies have explored the remarkable psychological phenomenon of reactance, which Miron and Brehm reviewed in 2006. We present an overview of research that has been done since then. A variety of studies have provided interesting new insights into the theory, adding to what is known about the phenomenon of reactance and the processes acti...

in online vs . offline shopping

Decision making is a fundamental building block of people’s lives. Each decision requires expenditure of cognitive effort, though to a varying degree, which is considered a valuable yet limited resource in the decision making literature. Though the importance of a cognitive effort minimization goal is well-established in the marketing literature, this paper examined how cognitive effort exertio...